Understanding the LTTE: The Rise, Fall, and Legacy of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) was an insurgent group in Sri Lanka that sought to create an independent state for Tamils in the northern and eastern parts of the country. Formed in 1976 by Velupillai Prabhakaran, the LTTE gained notoriety for its use of military and terrorist tactics, including its pioneering role in suicide bombings.

Origins and Early Developments

From 1972 until 2009, the LTTE sought to divide Sri Lanka into Tamil and Sinhalese territories, aiming to secure an independent state for Tamils. The group's early activities were marked by armed struggle and a series of attacks on local political figures. By the 1980s, the LTTE had become the dominant Tamil militant group, eliminating various other organizations such as the Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) and the Tamil People's Liberation Tigers (PLOTE).

Struggle for Power and Recognition

For Tamils who belonged to the right side of the political spectrum, the LTTE represented a freedom struggle. Prabhakaran was often seen as a 'big brother' figure. However, this view was largely shared by only a significant minority within the Tamil population. The Sinhalese majority government viewed the LTTE with suspicion and hostility, seeing them as a threat to national security.

International Perception and Involvement

As the struggle progressed, the LTTE became notorious for its use of suicide bombings, becoming one of the early groups to employ this tactic extensively. In 2002, the LTTE broke the ceasefire agreement, leading to increased international condemnation and isolation. The United States, India, and the European Union designated the LTTE as a terrorist organization.

The End of the LTTE

The end of the LTTE came in 2009, when the Sri Lankan military launched a major offensive against the LTTE. The brutal conflict resulted in the death of Prabhakaran and the defeat of the organization. The legacy of the conflict, marked by significant loss of life and human rights violations, continues to impact Sri Lankan society and politics.

Final Thoughts and Legacy

The LTTE was a blend of modern and traditional guerrilla tactics, with a conventional force and naval and air branches. They were the pioneers of suicide bombing and were known for their unrelenting quest for a separate homeland. Despite having opportunities to resolve issues through political means, the group's leader, Prabhakaran, continued to pursue a military solution, ultimately leading to the group's downfall.

The fall of the LTTE marked a significant moment in the history of Sri Lanka, but the impact of their actions continues to be felt. The legacy of the LTTE serves as a reminder of the long and complex history of ethnic conflicts in the region.