Why Liberalism and Neoliberalism Diverge: An Overview of Their Origins and Impacts

Liberalism and neoliberalism both stem from a desire for governance and societal structures that align with principles of freedom and equality. However, while liberalism has its roots in the 17th and 18th centuries, and is deeply embedded in the Bill of Rights, neoliberalism is a more recent development that emerged in the 20th century. Here, we explore the origins, values, and impacts of both ideologies.

The Root of Liberalism

Liberalism, often referred to as classical liberalism, originated in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is fundamentally rooted in the belief that all individuals have inherent value and rights, not based on their social position. This philosophy emphasizes personal liberties, such as freedom of speech, privacy, and equal rights under the law.

Proponents of Classical Liberalism

Classical liberals advocate for a government that is limited in its scope and that respects individual rights and freedoms. They believe in the protection of fundamental human rights and the promotion of free markets. The Bill of Rights is a prime example of the values that classical liberalism upholds, including the protection of freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, and the freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.

The Emergence of Neoliberalism

Neoliberalism, on the other hand, is an economic strategy that only began taking shape in the latter part of the 20th century. It is rooted in the ideas of a group of economists who proposed a system that protects capital dominium (control over capital) and enables the free movement of capital on a global scale. By separating the governance of people from the flow of capital, neoliberalism seeks to address the perceived threat of communism and to secure the dominance of the free market.

Who Supports Neoliberalism?

Neoliberalism gained traction among American conservatives in the latter part of the 20th century. Conservatives found it to be an effective tool for expanding American economic and political influence on the global stage. This economic strategy emphasizes minimal government intervention in the marketplace, free trade, and the protection of private property and individual freedom.

Contrasts Between Liberalism and Neoliberalism

The fundamental difference between liberalism and neoliberalism lies in their approach to governance and their values. Liberalism prioritizes the protection of individual rights and freedoms, whereas neoliberalism focuses on the economic freedoms and the free flow of capital. While classical liberals advocate for a government with minimal intervention, neoliberals argue for a leaner, more efficient government that allows the market to dictate most economic decisions.

The Impact of Neoliberalism

The implementation of neoliberal policies has had significant impacts on societies around the world. These policies have led to increased economic inequality, as well as a shift in the balance of power from the state to the market. This has often resulted in a weakening of social safety nets and a greater emphasis on individual responsibility. While some argue that neoliberalism has led to greater economic growth and efficiency, others contend that it has exacerbated social and economic disparities.

Resurgence of Divisiveness

The emergence of neo-liberalism has heightened divisions within societies, particularly in the United States. While traditional liberals and conservatives can often find common ground on certain issues, neo-liberals have a more polarizing agenda. This has led to a more antagonistic political environment, characterized by a focus on cancel culture, equity, and inclusion, often imposed in a way that can be seen as hypocritical. The most recent example was a sketch on Jimmy Kimmel's show where the audience clapped and laughed at the proposal to deny hospital services to those who refused the vaccine, highlighting the stark contrast in values and attitudes.

Conclusion

Liberalism and neoliberalism are fundamentally different ideologies with distinct origins and impacts. While liberalism is deeply rooted in the protection of individual rights and freedoms, neoliberalism focuses on economic freedoms and market-driven policies. Understanding these differences is crucial for comprehending the political and social landscape of the modern world. The implications of these ideologies are far-reaching and continue to shape the way societies are governed and the interests they prioritize.