Turks and the 'Every Man a Soldier' Tradition: A Myth or Reality?
The Myth Behind the Saying
The saying 'Every man a soldier' is widely recognized among Turkish cultural references, attributed to Atatürk. This maxim encapsulates a romantic and ideological vision embodying the potential of every Turk, regardless of age, gender, or social status, to contribute to the nation's defense. This idea is deeply rooted in the historical narrative of the Turkish War of Independence, where people from all walks of life fought against foreign invasions. However, this phrase is often misunderstood in its entirety, leading to misconceptions about Turkish nationalism and its present reality.
Russian Legacy and Modern Turkey
Historically, the Ottoman Empire was known for its multifaceted military and social structure. In the vast expanse of the Asiatic steppe, every man and woman were trained in archery from childhood. This method allowed for a highly mobile and versatile fighting force capable of turning the tide of warfare. The turco-Mongolian armies' success in battles can be attributed to this culture of preparedness and shared responsibility.
During the Turkish War of Independence, which the West often refers to as the Greco-Turkish War, this tradition was vividly demonstrated. Urban noblewomen collected intelligence, women transferred information, and tons of weaponry were transported to Ankara using the most primitive means. Villagers, both young and old, led uprisings against occupiers. This collective effort affirmed the saying of 'every man a soldier.'
The Truth Behind the Myth
Despite the romantic imagery, it is important to note that Turkish people have not lived under military rule for a significant portion of their history. In 2016, Turkey's political landscape underwent a dramatic shift, but it marked a rare exception rather than a long-standing tradition.
Turkey, established as the Republic in 1923, has enjoyed a diverse and vibrant development rooted in centuries of Anatolian culture. This culture has absorbed influences from various neighboring groups and Islamic traditions while maintaining some Turkic core values and traditions. The 'every man a soldier' saying reflects a historical reality but is often exaggerated in modern discourse.
The Reality of Nationalism in Modern Turkey
While the idea of every man being a soldier might evoke a sense of national pride, it does not reflect the current political climate. Turkey has a democratic system with a civilian-led government, with only a brief period under martial law in 1980. The vast majority of Turks do not desire a return to military rule. Instead, they value the freedom and stability provided by a democratic nation.
The Republic of Turkey has been governed by elected representatives for over 98 years. Out of these years, military rule has only been in place for four years. This history underscores the democratic values and the stability that contemporary Turkish society cherishes. While the concept of 'every man a soldier' remains an important cultural symbol, it is not a realistic or desirable framework for modern Turkey.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the saying 'every man a soldier' is a powerful symbol of Turkish resilience and unity. It reflects the historical contributions of Turkish people during the War of Independence and the nation's rich cultural heritage. However, it is crucial to separate this romanticized vision from the present reality of modern Turkey. Today, Turkey is a democratic nation with a strong civil society, and while the idea of national unity remains important, the practical application of this concept does not involve a return to military rule.