Economic-Based Reservation: A More Inclusive Alternative to Caste-Based Reservation

Our country has experienced significant strides in addressing historical discrimination based on caste. Inter-caste marriages are on the rise, and caste-based prejudices are gradually diminishing. However, the economic improvement of the reserved category is not sufficient if not aligned with what is properly deserved. This article explores the merits of economic-based reservation over caste-based reservation and provides a comprehensive analysis of the issues surrounding both systems.

Addressing the Flaws of Caste-Based Reservation

Caste-based reservation, although aimed at equal representation, has failed to ensure that only the truly deserving individuals reap its benefits. The system is often abused, leading to a disparity between those who genuinely need reservations and those who claim to be from reserved categories without genuine need.

For example, as someone belonging to a so-called lower caste (Scheduled Caste, SC), I initially shared the common perception that reservation was a hindrance to meritocracy. My opposition to reservation was driven not just by personal viewpoints but by public sentiments, as many believed that such policies undermined hard work and talent. However, as I matured, my perspective evolved, and I became convinced that the first step towards true equality is dismantling the caste system itself.

Reservations for the Truly Poor

Instead of perpetuating a system based on caste, it is essential to implement reservations that benefit the economically disadvantaged. Economic reservation would ensure that financial needs are prioritized over societal prejudices. A rational approach would involve limiting the benefits of reservation to those below a certain income threshold, preventing the exploitation of the system by those already financially stable.

Proposed Limitations on Caste-Based Reservations

To address these concerns, the following limitations can be introduced:

Income Caps: Only individuals with a household income below a fixed limit should be eligible for reservation. This ensures that reservations remain accessible to those who genuinely need them. Generational Exclusions: Individuals from families who have previously benefited from reservations for their parents or grandparents should not be eligible for further reservations. This prevents the perpetuation of the "reservation trap."

These limitations would ensure that the benefits of reservation are not misused and are extended only to those who are truly in need.

Impact of Economic Reservation in Education and Public Services

One of the most significant areas where economic reservation can make a difference is in higher education and public service appointments. For instance, even if a student is academically brilliant and from the general category, they might face challenges due to financial difficulties. By introducing economic-based reservations, students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds would have better access to education and opportunities.

During my undergraduate studies, I was one of the toppers in my class, but my batchmates often mentioned that the reservations would benefit me. This indifference to my hard work highlighted the issue of caste-based reservations. In the context of public services, reservation systems often prioritize caste over merit. However, when economic needs are considered, the objective is clear: to help those who need it the most.

Challenges and Misuse in Current Reservation Policies

Many individuals falsely claim economic hardship to benefit from reservations. A friend from my school, belonging to the Gupta community with a successful business, often claimed to be from a BPL (Below Poverty Line) background. This phenomenon denotes the need for a stringent verification process to ensure that only those with genuine economic needs are provided reservations.

Furthermore, when selected candidates from reserved categories perform exceptionally well in entrance exams, such as the UPSC, it is not unusual for them to fair poorly in interviews. This disparity cannot be attributed to a lack of hard work or talent. It suggests that the exam system, which relies heavily on interviews, often discriminates against candidates from reserved categories, regardless of their academic performance.

Conclusion: A Call for Change

The current reservation system based on caste has outlived its purpose. It is time to adopt a more inclusive and fair system that prioritizes economic need. Economic-based reservation would provide equal opportunities to those who need it most, while simultaneously addressing the flaws in the existing system.

By making these changes, we can promote true equality and ensure that no individual is discriminated against based on their economic status or family background.

Let's strive towards a future where reservation is based on economic need, and not on caste or family legacy.