Do Goan Prefer Indian or Portuguese Rule?

India is undoubtedly the land of birth and upbringing for Goans, and their loyalty to the country is a topic of pride and national consensus. However, it is important to acknowledge the historical context and the real concerns that must be addressed when discussing Goan preferences between Indian and Portuguese rule.

Historical Context and Loyalty

Goans are 100% pro-India and their loyalty to the nation is deeply rooted. Born and bred in India, they have thrived and will eventually die in their homeland. This fact unequivocally solidifies their loyalty and dispels any doubt of their allegiance. The misconception that Goans could be pro-Portugal is purely unfounded and misguided.

Portugal, being geographically far removed from India, has less impact on its citizens. Goans who have migrated to Portugal do maintain a nostalgia and connection to their homeland, but their primary loyalty remains with their birthplace.

Goans and Portuguese Troops

Interestingly, during a British documentary filmed in 1953, Goans were seen visiting and taking gifts to imprisoned Portuguese troops in a concentration camp. This act demonstrates the enduring bond and respect towards the Portuguese colonial administrators, indicating a level of cooperation and admiration that transcends simple loyalty.

In old Goa, even today, the Portuguese language and memory still persist. Despite the decline of Portuguese as a daily language, many Goans continue to visit Portugal, both for business and personal reasons, highlighting the ongoing cultural and economic ties.

Factual Analysis

The documentary reveals several facts that provide a nuanced understanding of the situation:

Wealth Distribution and Prosperity: Goa had fairer wealth distribution compared to other South Asian regions, such as India and Pakistan. Farmers in the video expressed a preference for remaining in Goa due to the lack of extreme poverty. Economic Benefits: Goa's economy was low duty and tax-free, making it economically advantageous. A Rolex in Goa in 1952 was half the price in the USA, and exporting goods from Goa was dirt cheap. Rural Economy Superiority: Before the Green Revolution in 1961, Goa's rural economy was considerably better than in other parts of India and Pakistan. Educational and Healthcare: Goa's church-run schools taught in both English and Portuguese, offering a comprehensive education network. Power Dynamics: The civil rights and union representation were lopsided, with Portuguese officials often in more prominent positions.

On a basic level, the average Goan under Portuguese rule was better off than the average Indian. However, for high-level positions and civil services, the possibilities were more limited to administrative roles rather than executive or professional ones.

In rural areas, especially for subsistence farmers, small-scale fishermen, and cottage artisans, there was a preference for Portuguese rule. Traders, too, enjoyed the benefits of low duties and tax-free environments, making Portugal an attractive option.

The urban intelligentsia became the key mobilizers for pro-India sentiments, instigating a satyagraha movement. University students and urban workers were a significant support base for the pro-India faction. Meanwhile, the pro-Portuguese faction consisted primarily of rural workers, traders, and regularized workers.

While it is crucial to acknowledge Goan pro-India sentiment, it is equally important to address the historical context and the economic and social factors that shaped Goan preferences during the transition period.